A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• significantly. Therefore, it can be inferred that not only quantum size effects, but also defects on the surface, contribute to the PL in GQDs. Size and morphology of GQDs were characterized using TEM and AFM. The TEM micrographs shown in Figure 3a confirm the formation of evenly dispersed GQDs with almost

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• with CTAB due to quantum size effects [31]. The absorption of the Ag2S NPs decreased sharply above λ = 302 nm for Ag2S prepared in pure Tu solution, while it decreased slowly for Ag2S prepared in Tu with CTAB, indicating different absorption edges. The optical band gap of the Ag2S NPs prepared in pure

• increased and a blueshift of about 0.5 eV was observed after CTAB was added to the Tu solution [32]. Furthermore, CTAB prevented particle agglomeration, thereby facilitating the formation of monodisperse Ag2S NPs. The value of the obtained energy gap was larger than that of bulk Ag2S due to quantum size

• effects [33]. The particle size (d) was calculated from the optical properties using the effective-mass model as shown in Equation 2: where Eg* is the energy gap of Ag2S NPs and EgBulk is the energy gap of bulk Ag2S, me* is the effective mass of an electron and mh* is the effective mass of a hole. A value

Kelvin probe force microscopy of the nanoscale electrical surface potential barrier of metal/semiconductor interfaces in ambient atmosphere

• Petr Knotek,
• Tomáš Plecháček,
• Jan Smolík,
• Petr Kutálek,
• Filip Dvořák,
• Milan Vlček,
• Jiří Navrátil and
• Čestmír Drašar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1401–1411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.138

• . This observation can be attributed to quantum size effects [36][44], which are accompanied by a change in the charge transfer from substrate to NPs [45][46]. Metal layers on Bi2Se3 The dependence of the surface contact potential on the size of the separated Au nanoparticles theoretically allows for an

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• a shorter wavelength region, showing quantum-size effects. The advantages of clay minerals acting as supports for TiO2 and ZnO NPs are the presence of surface electrical charge and/or the elevated concentration of hydroxy groups on the available surface, which can have an important influence on the

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• fundamental characteristics of cellulose include its hydrophilicity, functionalization ability, and ease of tunability of various properties like surface area, aspect ratio, quantum size effects as well as chemical accessibility [105]. Nanocellulose has been recognized as an excellent natural biomaterial

• quantum size effects [106]. The improvement in adsorption removal efficiency of nanocellulose could be due to the increased surface area, crystalline nature, and number of available functional moieties. Taleb et al. [98] reported that the introduction of amino-terminal functionalities on MFC and

Dumbbell gold nanoparticle dimer antennas with advanced optical properties

• Janning F. Herrmann and
• Christiane Höppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2188–2197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.205

• only significant for sub-nanometer size gaps. As such, the observed deviations are likely also to be governed by a modified onset of quantum size effects. Methods Fluorescence measurements All optical measurements are acquired with an in-house built microscope, which combines a confocal microscope with

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• history of NMs in the scientific arena. He also revealed that the optical characteristics of Au colloids are dissimilar compared to their respective bulk counterpart. This was probably one of the earlier reports where quantum size effects were observed and described. Later, Mie (1908) explained the reason

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• microorganisms, and silver coins thrown into the water prolonged its freshness [4][5][6]. Recent advances in nanotechnology enable to utilize size-dependent properties of nanomaterials, such as high specific surface area, high reactivity, quantum-size effects and plasmonic properties. Nanosilver and nanogold

Radiation losses in the microwave K_u band in magneto-electric nanocomposites

• Talwinder Kaur,
• Sachin Kumar,
• Jyoti Sharma and
• A. K. Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1700–1707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.173

• ″) and to the dielectric constant (ε′). The unsaturated coordination on the surface, nano-sized hexaferrite, the dangling bond atoms, and the enhanced surface area lead to multiple scattering resulting in the loss of radiation. Quantum size effects generate a separation among energy levels. Upon

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• interesting to study water and ion transport in confinement [15][16]. Coated templates are also attractive to synthesize extremely thin nanowires for the investigation of finite size and quantum size effects [17]. Atomic layer deposition is based on cycles of self-limiting chemical reactions between the gas

Biological responses to nanoscale particles

• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 380–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.37

• . The key differences are (i) an increased relative surface area and (ii) quantum size effects. Since the growth, catalytic activity and the various interactions with molecules (including biomolecules) occur at the surface of nanoparticles, a given mass of material in nanoparticle form will be much more

Quantum size effects in TiO₂ thin films grown by atomic layer deposition

• Massimo Tallarida,
• Chittaranjan Das and
• Dieter Schmeisser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 77–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.7

• influenced by quantum size effects. The modified electronic properties may play an important role in charge carrier transport and separation, and increase the efficiency of energy conversion systems. Keywords: atomic layer deposition (ALD); charge transfer multiplet; covalency; energy conversion; quantum

• ]. Recently, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with an average diameter of 2 nm showed quantum size effects on unoccupied states [10], which involved the hybridization of Ti 3d and Ti 4s orbitals with O 2p orbitals in covalent bonds. The conformal growth of ALD gives the possibility of having homogeneous films below 2

• nm thickness and allows for the investigation of similar quantum size effects in TiO2 thin films. In this case interface effects, as those observed in TiO2 ALD films grown on SnO2:F [11], could also become important. We performed the characterization of ALD films by using mostly X-ray absorption

Study of mesoporous CdS-quantum-dot-sensitized TiO₂ films by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and AFM

• Mohamed N. Ghazzal,
• Robert Wojcieszak,
• Gijo Raj and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 68–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.6

• be counted [9]. In the case of spectroscopy techniques such as UV–vis spectroscopy combined with effective mass approximation the values of particle size are usually strongly overestimated [11]. However, this technique could be useful in explaining the dependence of the band gap on quantum size

• effects [9][11][12][13]. In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to estimate the particle size of QDs-CdS grown on a mesoporous TiO2 film. The successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction processes, which are defined as deposition

Catalytic activity of nanostructured Au: Scale effects versus bimetallic/bifunctional effects in low-temperature CO oxidation on nanoporous Au

• Lu-Cun Wang,
• Yi Zhong,
• Haijun Jin,
• Daniel Widmann,
• Jörg Weissmüller and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 111–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.13

• , which is the key step for gold-catalyzed oxidation reactions [26][27]. Furthermore, quantum size effects, which have been proposed by Chen and Goodman for oxide-supported Au catalysts [28], may also be relevant for NPG catalysts considering the nanometer size of the Au ligaments. More recently, residual

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• relevant parameters, such as wire diameter, wire density, geometry, material and crystallinity, can be adjusted, allowing systematic studies of finite- and quantum-size effects on wire properties relevant for various technological applications. This paper reviews recent advances in the electrodeposition of

• mechanism and provided real-time compositional and crystallographic information [80]. 2.4 Bismuth and bismuth-compound nanowires Due to its unique electronic properties, bismuth is a very interesting material to study the effect of finite- and quantum-size effects of nanostructures [9][81][82

• these thermoelectric nanomaterials should increase due to quantum size effects and the thermal conductivity should decrease due to enhanced phonon surface scattering [85][86][87][88]. The thermoelectric properties of these Bi-compound materials are anisotropic and are extremely sensitive not only to

Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

• Michael Huth,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Schwalb,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Roland Sachser,
• Maja Dukic,
• Jonathan Adams and
• Georg Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 597–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.70

• )−1. From this rough estimate, one can directly conclude that quantum size effects due to the discrete energy levels can only become relevant at very low temperatures. The electronic (transport) properties of granular metals depend sensitively on the average tunnel conductance G between neighboring